A review of the pre-chamber ignition system applied on future low-carbon spark ignition engines

Legislations for greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles are pushing the spark ignition engine to be cleaner more efficient. As one of promising solutions, enhancing energy shows great potential in simultaneously mitigating combustion knock enabling lean-burn operation. Featured with distributed sites, pre-chamber systems large or small volumes, auxiliary no fueling, orifices have gained a surge interest decreasing fuel consumption emissions. This paper aims at presenting comprehensive review recent progress development trends adopted on future low-carbon low-emission engines. First, mechanisms behind this technology discussed perspectives scavenging combustion, jet ejection, main chamber emission formations. Second, design criteria geometries presented detail, followed by discussion air management chamber. Next, numerical experimental studies system its applications conjunction other complementary technologies summarized. Finally, critical issues commercialization research directions discussed.